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The Spinifex people, or Pila Nguru. are an Indigenous Australian people, whose traditional lands are situated in the Great Victoria Desert,〔(Anne Loxley, "Pila Nguru: The Spinifex People" ), ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 2002-08-03. Retrieved 2007-04-21.〕 in the Australian state of Western Australia, adjoining the border with South Australia and to the north of the Nullarbor Plain. They maintain in large part their traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle within the territory,〔 over which their claims to Native title and associated collective rights were recognised by a 28 November 2000 Federal Court decision. In 1997, an art project was started in which indigenous paintings became part of the title claim. In 2005, a major exhibit of their works in London brought the artists widespread attention. The name Pila Nguru does not rightly translate to 'Spinifex People', although it may be inferred. "Spinifex People" more accurately translates as "Arnangu Pilatja", meaning "people of the Spinifex". In the name "Pila Nguru", Pila translates to "spinifex", and Nguru is the affix; -nguru means "from", and thus the word Pilanguru translates to "from (the) spinifex", or as "home country in the flat between sandhills".〔(Mens Combined - Pila Nguru from Paupiya ) Neil Murphy Indigenous Art. Retrieved 2007-04-21.〕 For instance, when asked where are you from, a Spinifex person could answer, "Ngayulu pilanguru", which means "I am from the Spinifex" (in this case, the word 'country' is inferred). Thus, "Arnangu Pilatja" is the more proper designation for the people. In South Australia, the word Arnangu is written Aṉangu (with the n underlined). The word "Spinifex", used to denote the people, does not itself directly describe the people. By itself, the word spinifex comes from the Spinifex grasses, which are prevalent in the region, meaning that referring to the people as the "Spinifex people" as opposed to simply the "Spinifex" is preferred. The transliterated Arnangu word "pilatja", meaning "of the spinifex" is also used by many of the Spinifex people. As European settlers of the region considered the lands remote, inhospitable and unsuited for agriculture or even pastoralism, there has been comparatively little direct contact between the two cultures and peoples. ==1900-1952== Settlers were granted pastoral leases from around 1910, but once they saw the arid land, they did not attempt agriculture. Some religious missions were attempted in the 1930s, since the new railway often attracted curious indigenous people to it out of the bush. By the 1950s, so little was known about these people that the British chose the Nullarbor for nuclear weapons testing, as they believed it to be devoid of people. Cundeelee was the only Mission between Kalgoorlie W.A. and Port August in S.A. after the close of Ooldea Mission in 1942. It was gazetted as a Mission in 1950, though in 1958 it was settled in tents. Later corrugated aluminium Nissen huts were erected, followed by three Missionary residences cum-homes for children; a school and residence, 6 Bed 'C Class' Hospital, store, mechanical workshops etc. It ceased to be a Mission when it was handed over to Community control in 1978-79. It ceased to be a Community when 'Upurlupurlila Ngurratja', new Community Village for the "People of Cundeelee", was built at Coonana. Here there was a more ample water supply to allow conventional housing. This was inhabited in 1986 with the start of the new school year, and finally closed early 2014, as the Community at Tjuntjuntjarra became the home of the Arnangu Pilanguru - the People from the Spinifex. Upurlupurli is the Arnangu dreaming name of the rock hole just South of the old Mission site. It means 'tadpole' which abounded in the water there when refilled by rain. It was a ceremonial meeting place between the Desert and Coastal Ngatju and Mirning peoples before the T.A. Railway line was built. From the late 1920s until 1942, Karonie T.A.R was the main depot for a series of Government ration depots from which food on a monthly basis was distributed to itinerant Arnangu 'Aboriginal people', probably because of prevailing drought. Cundeelee became the main ration depot from about 1939 until its close in 1942. The other distribution points were at Zanthus T.A.R. and one distribution point about half way from Cundeelee to Queen Victoria Springs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spinifex people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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